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Diacylglycerol stimulates acrosomal exocytosis by feeding into a PKC- and PLD1-dependent positive loop that continuously supplies phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
- Source :
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 1821:1186-1199
- Publication Year :
- 2012
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2012.
-
Abstract
- Acrosomal exocytosis involves a massive fusion between the outer acrosomal and the plasma membranes of the spermatozoon triggered by stimuli that open calcium channels at the plasma membrane. Diacylglycerol has been implicated in the activation of these calcium channels. Here we report that this lipid promotes the efflux of intraacrosomal calcium and triggers exocytosis in permeabilized human sperm, implying that diacylglycerol activates events downstream of the opening of plasma membrane channels. Furthermore, we show that calcium and diacylglycerol converge in a signaling pathway leading to the production of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)). Addition of diacylglycerol promotes the PKC-dependent activation of PLD1. Rescue experiments adding phosphatidic acid or PIP(2) and direct measurement of lipid production suggest that both PKC and PLD1 promote PIP(2) synthesis. Inhibition of different steps of the pathway was reverted by adenophostin, an agonist of IP(3)-sensitive calcium channels, indicating that PIP(2) is necessary to keep these channels opened. However, phosphatidic acid, PIP(2), or adenophostin could not trigger exocytosis by themselves, indicating that diacylglycerol must also activate another factor. We found that diacylglycerol and phorbol ester stimulate the accumulation of the GTP-bound form of Rab3A. Together our results indicate that diacylglycerol promotes acrosomal exocytosis by i) maintaining high levels of IP(3) - an effect that depends on a positive feedback loop leading to the production of PIP(2) - and ii) stimulating the activation of Rab3A, which in turn initiates a cascade of protein interactions leading to the assembly of SNARE complexes and membrane fusion.
- Subjects :
- Male
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate
Biology
Membrane Fusion
Exocytosis
Diglycerides
chemistry.chemical_compound
Adenophostin
Phospholipase D
Humans
Molecular Biology
Protein Kinase C
Protein kinase C
Diacylglycerol kinase
Voltage-dependent calcium channel
Cell Biology
Phosphatidic acid
rab3A GTP-Binding Protein
Cell biology
Calcium Channel Agonists
chemistry
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Calcium Channels
SNARE Proteins
Acrosome
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13881981
- Volume :
- 1821
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0ed1229a68c837e1c0f847c9452d8dc2