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Promotion of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Turnover by Commensal Bacteria: Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids
- Source :
- PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 5, p e0156334 (2016)
- Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- The life span of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is short (3-5 days), and its regulation is thought to be important for homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. We have now investigated the role of commensal bacteria in regulation of IEC turnover in the small intestine. The proliferative activity of IECs in intestinal crypts as well as the migration of these cells along the crypt-villus axis were markedly attenuated both in germ-free mice and in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice treated with a mixture of antibiotics, with antibiotics selective for Gram-positive bacteria being most effective in this regard. Oral administration of chloroform-treated feces of SPF mice to germ-free mice resulted in a marked increase in IEC turnover, suggesting that spore-forming Gram-positive bacteria contribute to this effect. Oral administration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as bacterial fermentation products also restored the turnover of IECs in antibiotic-treated SPF mice as well as promoted the development of intestinal organoids in vitro. Antibiotic treatment reduced the phosphorylation levels of ERK, ribosomal protein S6, and STAT3 in IECs of SPF mice. Our results thus suggest that Gram-positive commensal bacteria are a major determinant of IEC turnover, and that their stimulatory effect is mediated by SCFAs.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Antibiotics
lcsh:Medicine
Mice
Medicine and Health Sciences
Intestinal Mucosa
Phosphorylation
Organ Cultures
lcsh:Science
Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
Multidisciplinary
biology
Antimicrobials
Fatty Acids
Gram Positive Bacteria
Drugs
Neomycins
Intestinal epithelium
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Organoids
Chemistry
medicine.anatomical_structure
Ribosomal protein s6
Physical Sciences
Chloroform
Biological Cultures
Anatomy
Research Article
STAT3 Transcription Factor
medicine.drug_class
Gram-positive bacteria
Ileum
Research and Analysis Methods
digestive system
Microbiology
03 medical and health sciences
Vancomycin
Microbial Control
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
medicine
Animals
Symbiosis
Cell Proliferation
Pharmacology
Bacteria
Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases
lcsh:R
Chemical Compounds
Biology and Life Sciences
Bacteriology
biology.organism_classification
Small intestine
Epithelium
digestive system diseases
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Gastrointestinal Tract
030104 developmental biology
lcsh:Q
Propionates
Digestive System
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 19326203
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0e90210e4097be14001a0af36eabf3df