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Limettin and furocoumarins in beverages containing citrus juices or extracts
- Source :
- Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 48(1)
- Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- Phototoxic and photo-genotoxic furocoumarins occur, e.g., in citrus species, parsnip, parsley, celery, and figs. They exhibit phototoxic and photo-genotoxic properties in combination with UV radiation, while less is known about the phototoxicity of the coumarin derivative limettin mainly found in limes and lemons. Risk assessment of dietary furocoumarins is based on a threshold approach and on estimates of 1.2-1.45 mg for the average daily exposure for adults via the diet in several countries. In these estimates, the major contribution to overall daily exposure has been attributed to citrus-flavored non-alcoholic beverages, in spite of a lack of analytical data for those products. Therefore, we analyzed a number of furocoumarins in a variety of citrus-containing beverages and included limettin in the pattern of analyzed constituents. Our findings provide strong evidence that grapefruit juice and not citrus-flavored non-alcoholic beverages is the major source of furocoumarin exposure in a Western diet. Based on these findings it can be assumed that the average dietary exposure to furocoumarins is about 3-fold lower than previously estimated, i.e. in the range of 548 and 2237 microg/day for the average and high consumer, respectively. The coumarin derivative limettin was mainly found in lime products.
- Subjects :
- Citrus
food.ingredient
CITRUS JUICE
Toxicology
Grapefruit juice
Beverages
chemistry.chemical_compound
food
Coumarins
Furocoumarins
Botany
Citrus aurantiifolia
Plant Oils
Food science
Daily exposure
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
biology
Chemistry
Plant Extracts
Furocoumarin
food and beverages
General Medicine
biology.organism_classification
Coumarin
Diet
Rutaceae
Phototoxicity
Food Science
Citrus paradisi
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 18736351
- Volume :
- 48
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0e728f99b04e821e87727595dfd94d14