Plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) concentration is associated with uremic dyslipidemia

Objective Angiopoietin-like protein 3, a liver-derived plasma protein, increases plasma triglycerides (TG) in mice by suppressing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, a key enzyme in plasma TG clearance. Uremic dyslipidemia is characterized by increased TG-rich lipoproteins such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and TG-enrichment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL. Since the role of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in uremic dyslipidemia is unknown, we examined its possible association with the lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods The subjects were 202 hemodialysis patients, 44 predialysis patients with CRF and 148 healthy control subjects comparable in age and sex. Fasting plasma ANGPTL3 was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and lipoproteins were fractioned by ultracentrifugation. Results Median (25th–75th percentile range) ANGPTL3 levels were 523 (409–645) and 393 (308–511) ng/mL in hemodialysis and predialysis patients, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control level of 700 (570–875) ng/mL. In the total subjects, ANGPTL3 was inversely correlated with VLDL- and IDL-cholesterol levels, and positively with HDL-cholesterol. ANGPTL3 correlated inversely with TG/cholesterol ratios of both LDL and HDL. In multiple regression models, these associations, excluding TG/cholesterol ratio of LDL, remained significant and independent of possible confounders including age, sex, body mass index, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and adiponectin, whereas the associations of ANGPTL3 with the lipoprotein parameters were less significant when apoC-II/C-III ratio was included in the models. Conclusion The reduced ANGPTL3 level in hemodialysis patients was consistently associated with the major components of uremic dyslipidemia. ANGPTL3 may be a novel factor contributing to uremic dyslipidemia.