Effect of pulmonary vein catheter ablation on kidney function in patients with atrial fibrillation. A prospective cohort study

Introduction and objectives Several studies have linked the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Our objective was to compare changes in eGFR in patients with AF after pulmonary vein (PV) ablation depending on the success of the technique, as well as to examine the relationship between eGFR and several biomarkers. Methods Prospective cohort of patients with AF referred to our center for PV ablation with a 1-year follow-up. We estimated eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula at baseline and at 3 and 12 months. Biomarkers (B-type natriuretic peptide, corin, and galectin-3) were measured before ablation and at 12 months. Results We studied 124 patients (age 55 ± 10 years, 69.4% men). Seventy-five had paroxysmal AF (60.5%). The mean baseline eGFR was 90.8 [77.8-100.0] mL/min/1.73 m2. The eGFR increased at the end of follow-up, with a statistically significant difference between patients with recurrence at 12 months and those without (−1.1 [-6.0 to 8.8] mL/min/1.73 m2 vs 7.1 [−0.6 to 14.2] mL/min/1.73 m2, P = .017). The improvement in eGFR at 12 months was inversely proportional to baseline eGFR. B-type natriuretic peptide and corin levels improved at 12 months, while galectin-3 levels worsened, which was unrelated to eGFR. Conclusions In patients with AF treated with PV ablation, an overall improvement in eGFR was observed, which was more marked in the subgroup without recurrences, although without significant differences on multivariate analysis.