Trandolapril and endothelin antagonist LU-135252 in the treatment of the fructose-induced hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic rat

Background In view of the demonstrated interaction between endothelin and the renin-angiotensin system, the antihypertensive effect of combined therapy with an endothelin antagonist LU-135252 and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril, was studied in fructose-induced hypertensive, hyperinsulinemic, hypertriglyceridemic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods Forty animals were fed a fructose-enriched diet (Tekled, Harlan) for 5 weeks, as follows: group A, fructose only; group B, trandolapril 0.1 mg/kg/day added during the last 2 weeks; group C, LU-135252 100 mg/kg/day added during the last 2 weeks; group D, both trandolapril and LU-135252 added the last 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly in conscious rats by the indirect tail–cuff method. Blood samples from a retro-orbital sinus puncture were taken at the beginning of the experiment and after 3 and 5 weeks and examined for insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Results Systolic BP decreased in group B (trandolapril) from 148.8 ± 9.8 at 3 weeks to 138.3 ± 8.7 mm Hg after 5 weeks; in group C (endothelin antagonist) from 155.1 ± 5.5 to 142.5 ± 10.6 mm Hg; and in group D (combination) from 154.6 ± 10.9 to 121.2 ± 8.9 mm Hg. Triglyceride levels decreased only in the combined trandolapril/endothelin antagonist group from 167.6 ± 55.3 in the third week to 134.9 ± 53.7 mg/dL after 5 weeks. Insulin levels decreased only on combination therapy from 7.4 ± 3.6 to 5.3 ± 3.8 ng/mL during the same period. The BP decrease was additive compared with the respective individual substances. Conclusions The trandolapril/endothelin antagonist combination appears to offer a rational antihypertensive combination that is superior to that of either drug alone. This finding applies to the specific rat model studied in which BP, insulin, and triglycerides were increased by fructose diet.