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Discovery of a complex linearly polarized spectrum of Betelgeuse dominated by depolarization of the continuum
- Source :
- Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, 2016, 591, pp.A119. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201628077⟩, NASA Astrophysics Data System, Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2016, 591, pp.A119. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201628077⟩
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- HAL CCSD, 2016.
-
Abstract
- Betelgeuse is an M supergiant that harbors spots and giant granules at its surface and presents linear polarization of its continuum. We have previously discovered linear polarization signatures associated with individual lines in the spectra of cool and evolved stars. Here, we investigate whether a similar linearly polarized spectrum exists for Betelgeuse. We used the spectropolarimeter Narval, combining multiple polarimetric sequences to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio spectra of individual lines, as well as the least-squares deconvolution (LSD) approach. We have discovered the existence of a linearly polarized spectrum for Betelgeuse, detecting a rather strong signal (at a few times 10$^{-4}$ of the continuum intensity level), both in individual lines and in the LSD profiles. Studying its properties and the signal observed for the resonant \ion{Na}{i}\,D lines, we conclude that we are mainly observing depolarization of the continuum by the absorption lines. The linear polarization of the Betelgeuse continuum is due to the anisotropy of the radiation field induced by brightness spots at the surface and Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere. We have developed a geometrical model to interpret the observed polarization, from which we infer the presence of two brightness spots and their positions on the surface of Betelgeuse. We show that applying the model to each velocity bin along the Stokes Q and U profiles allows the derivation of a map of the bright spots. We use the Narval linear polarization observations of Betelgeuse obtained over a period of 1.4 years to study the evolution of the spots. Our study of the linearly polarized spectrum of Betelgeuse provides a novel method for studying the evolution of brightness spots at its surface and complements quasi-simultaneous observations obtained with PIONIER at the VLTI.<br />13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Subjects :
- Betelgeuse
Physics
Brightness
010308 nuclear & particles physics
Linear polarization
Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
FOS: Physical sciences
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Polarization (waves)
01 natural sciences
Spectral line
symbols.namesake
Stars
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
13. Climate action
Space and Planetary Science
0103 physical sciences
symbols
Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
[SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA]
Rayleigh scattering
Supergiant
010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00046361
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, 2016, 591, pp.A119. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201628077⟩, NASA Astrophysics Data System, Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2016, 591, pp.A119. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201628077⟩
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0d4dd4c656608bdce976fe13ae884d99