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Low level SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in plasma samples from a cohort of Nigerians: Implications for blood transfusion

Authors :
Fehintola A. Ige
Jamda Ponmak
Chika K. Onwuamah
Leona Chika Okoli
Judith O. Sokei
Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu
Sulaimon Akanmu
Abul-Rahman Ahmed
Babatunde L. Salako
Ayorinde Babatunde James
AP Okwuraiwe
Samuel Olufemi Amoo
Rosemary A. Audu
Source :
PLoS ONE, PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0252611 (2021), PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6 (2021)
Publication Year :
2021
Publisher :
Public Library of Science, 2021.

Abstract

The present global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has lingered for over a year in its devastating effects. Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently established with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test by means of oropharyngeal-, nasopharyngeal-, anal-swabs, sputum and blood plasma. However, oral and nasal swabs are more commonly used. This study, therefore, assessed sensitivity and specificity of plasma as a diagnostic in comparison with a combination of oral and nasal swab samples, and the implications for blood transfusion. Oropharyngeal (OP) and nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples were obtained from 125 individuals suspected to have COVID-19 and stored in viral transport medium (VTM) tubes. Ten millilitres of blood samples in EDTA were also obtained by venepuncture and spun to obtain plasma. Viral RNA was obtained from both swabs and plasma by manual extraction with Qiagen QIAamp viral RNA Mini Kit. Detection was done using a real time fluorescent RT-qPCR BGI kit, on a QuantStudio 3 real-time PCR instrument. Average age of study participants was 41 years, with 74 (59.2%) being male. Out of the 125 individuals tested for COVID-19, 75 (60%) were positive by OP/NP swab. However, only 6 (4.8%) had a positive plasma result for COVID-19 with median Ct value of 32.4. Sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test using plasma was 8% and 100% respectively. There was no false positive recorded, but 69 (55.2%) false negatives were obtained by plasma. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was detected, albeit low (4.8%) in plasma. Plasma is likely not a suitable biological sample to diagnose acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. The implication of transfusing blood in this era of COVID-19 needs further investigations.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
19326203
Volume :
16
Issue :
6
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
PLoS ONE
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....0d3e485cc682ec0196f5bf71b771f998