Reactive Oxygen Species‐Regulating Strategies Based on Nanomaterials for Disease Treatment

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes. Studies on the regulation of ROS for disease treatments have caused wide concern, mainly involving the topics in ROS‐regulating therapy such as antioxidant therapy triggered by ROS scavengers and ROS‐induced toxic therapy mediated by ROS‐elevation agents. Benefiting from the remarkable advances of nanotechnology, a large number of nanomaterials with the ROS‐regulating ability are developed to seek new and effective ROS‐related nanotherapeutic modalities or nanomedicines. Although considerable achievements have been made in ROS‐based nanomedicines for disease treatments, some fundamental but key questions such as the rational design principle for ROS‐related nanomaterials are held in low regard. Here, the design principle can serve as the initial framework for scientists and technicians to design and optimize the ROS‐regulating nanomedicines, thereby minimizing the gap of nanomedicines for biomedical application during the design stage. Herein, an overview of the current progress of ROS‐associated nanomedicines in disease treatments is summarized. And then, by particularly addressing these known strategies in ROS‐associated therapy, several fundamental and key principles for the design of ROS‐associated nanomedicines are presented. Finally, future perspectives are also discussed in depth for the development of ROS‐associated nanomedicines.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)‐regulating nanomedicines for disease treatments mainly include ROS‐upregulating nanomedicines and ROS‐downregulating nanomedicines. Here, ROS‐upregulating nanomedicines can exert the toxic effect by employing nanoplatforms to enhance ROS generation in pathological sites for ROS‐induced toxic therapy, and ROS‐downregulating nanomedicines can scavenge excess ROS to maintain normal physiological process and avoid oxidative stress injuries for antioxidant therapy.