Renoprotection by long‐term low‐dose tolvaptan in patients with heart failure and hyponatremia

Aims In previous randomized controlled trials, the use of tolvaptan (TLV) at a fixed dose of 30 mg/day for 1 year did not provide renal benefits in patients with heart failure (HF). This retrospective, cohort study examined the renoprotective effects of long‐term, flexible‐dose, and lower‐dose TLV use. Methods and results Tolvaptan users were defined as patients receiving TLV for at least 180 consecutive days or those who continued it until death, any cardiac events, or renal replacement therapy even if it was taken for