Sleep insufficiency and incident diabetes mellitus among indigenous and minority populations in Greece

Objective: To investigate the potential association between sleep pathology and diabetes mellitus (DM) using self-reported questionnaires. Material and Methods: 957 adults aged between 19 and 86 years old were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was used and subjects were classified into three groups [short (8h) sleep duration]. Individuals were classified as diabetics if they responded positively to the questions: "Have you ever been told that you are diabetic or have high blood sugar by a health professional?" or "Are you on antidiabetic medication?". Sleep quality, utilizing Epworth sleepiness scale, Athens insomnia scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Berlin questionnaire, was also examined. Results: DM prevalence was higher among expatriated and Muslim Greeks (23.1% and 18.7%, respectively) compared to indigenous Greek Christians (4.4%). DM prevalence was significantly associated with short sleep duration (aOR=2.82, p