Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided surgery in head and neck cancer: A systematic review

To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG) for image-guided resection of head and neck cancer (HNC).PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases.Searches were conducted from database inception to February 2022. Patient and study characteristics, imaging parameters, and imaging efficacy data were extracted from each study.Nine studies met inclusion criteria, representing 103 head and neck tumors. Weighted mean ICG dose and imaging time were 1.27 mg/kg and 11.77 h, respectively. Among the five studies that provided quantitative metrics of imaging efficacy, average ICG tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was 1.56 and weighted mean ONM-100 TBR was 3.64. Pooled sensitivity and specificity across the five studies were 91.7 % and 71.9 %, respectively.FGS with ICG may facilitate real-time tumor-margin delineation to improve margin clearance rates and progression-free survival. Future studies with validated, quantitative metrics of imaging success are necessary to further evaluate the prognostic benefit of these techniques.