High-Resolution Myosin Structure from DEER Using a Bifunctional Spin Label

We are using site-directed spin-labeling (SDSL) and dipolar electron-electron resonance (DEER) to study the structural dynamics of proteins involved in muscle function. Muscle proteins are ideal systems for DEER applications, since these proteins form large dynamic assemblies that are inaccessible to crystallography and NMR. DEER is a pulsed ELDOR technique that detects the spin-spin dipolar interaction as a decay and modulation of a spin echo signal. While the CW EPR spectrum is sensitive only to distances on the order of 1 to 2 nm, DEER is sensitive from 1.5 to 5 nm and more. DEER is sensitive to the width of the distance distribution and can resolve multiple structural populations simultaneously. However, a limitation of DEER is the use of spin probes with flexible linkers, which adds uncertainty to the locations of protein backbone atoms. A bifunctional spin label (BSL), which attaches at position (i, i+4) of a helix, was used to measure the distance between two di-Cys pairs. BSL is rigidly coupled to the protein backbone and is a breakthrough for high resolution measurement of orientation, dynamics, and distance. These distance measurements were compared to conventional labeling of cysteine residues with MSL/MSL pairs.