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Annealing Control on the Anatase/Rutile Ratio of Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Obtained by Sol-Gel
- Source :
- Crystals, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 22 (2018), Crystals, Volume 9, Issue 1
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2018.
-
Abstract
- According to the different phases at which titanium dioxide (TiO2) crystallizes, previous studies have shown that anatase is more efficient for photocatalysis than rutile. Nowadays, the synergetic effect is well-accepted between anatase and rutile as having an effect in increasing performance in photocatalysis. In the present work, control over the anatase/rutile ratio was performed in three experimental steps. Initially, amorphous-anatase TiO2 powders were synthesized by the sol-gel method. For the crystallization of anatase, the powders were annealed at 250 &deg<br />C for 2 h in ambient atmosphere. The final step was performed by using different annealing times, ranging from 35 up to 200 min at a temperature of 475 &deg<br />C. The powders were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV&ndash<br />VIS, SEM and TEM techniques to determine the crystalline phase, band gap, morphology, and elemental composition, respectively. It was possible to control the anatase/rutile ratio on the nanostructured TiO2 powders from 100% of anatase until a complete transformation to rutile through the variation of the annealing time. The band gap calculated using the Tauc&rsquo<br />s model was found in the range of 2.56 to 2.93 eV. However, no direct relationship between the anatase/rutile ratio, and the band gap was found.
- Subjects :
- nanoparticle size
Anatase
Materials science
Annealing (metallurgy)
Band gap
General Chemical Engineering
02 engineering and technology
010402 general chemistry
01 natural sciences
law.invention
Inorganic Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
symbols.namesake
law
lcsh:QD901-999
General Materials Science
Crystallization
titanium dioxide
mixed phase
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
Condensed Matter Physics
0104 chemical sciences
Chemical engineering
chemistry
Rutile
Titanium dioxide
symbols
Photocatalysis
lcsh:Crystallography
0210 nano-technology
Raman spectroscopy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734352
- Volume :
- 9
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Crystals
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....09c2a5ac16006826fa5ff206bdc78a5f