Emergency department disposition of non‐neutropenic febrile patients with cancer

Objectives National data reveal that 60% of the 4.5 million annual emergency department (ED) visits by patients with cancer result in admission. Many of these visits are due to a febrile illness. Current literature provides limited guidance on how to treat non‐neutropenic febrile ED patients. This study characterizes clinical outcomes of non‐neutropenic febrile patients with cancer presenting to an academic, Comprehensive Cancer Center affiliated ED. Methods Retrospective chart review of 101 randomly selected adult patients with active cancer presenting with a chief complaint of fever or a documented fever in the ED and an absolute neutrophil count above 1000 between October 2015 and September 2016. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Results The primary malignancies represented were hematologic (24%), gastrointestinal (13%), head and neck (13%), and genitourinary (8%). Sixty‐two percent were on chemotherapy, 15% on radiation therapy, and 12% were on targeted therapy. Severe illness outcomes occurred in 39% and 83% were admitted with a median length of stay of 4 days. Among admitted patients, 24% experienced a length of stay ≤2 days. A return visit to the ED or an in‐system hospitalization within 7 days of the index visit occurred in 10% and death occurred within 7 days of the index visit in 4%. Conclusion A majority of patients presenting to the ED with non‐neutropenic fever are admitted (83%), of whom nearly a quarter experience a length of stay of ≤2 days with infrequent serious illness outcomes. Future efforts should focus on the development of risk stratification tools in this population to avoid potentially unnecessary hospitalizations.