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Combating osteoporosis and obesity with exercise: leveraging cell mechanosensitivity
- Source :
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 15:339-355
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Osteoporosis, a condition of skeletal decline that undermines quality of life, is treated with pharmacological interventions that are associated with poor adherence and adverse effects. Complicating efforts to improve clinical outcomes, the incidence of obesity is increasing, predisposing the population to a range of musculoskeletal complications and metabolic disorders. Pharmacological management of obesity has yet to deliver notable reductions in weight and debilitating complications are rarely avoided. By contrast, exercise shows promise as a non-invasive and non-pharmacological method of regulating both osteoporosis and obesity. The principal components of exercise - mechanical signals - promote bone and muscle anabolism while limiting formation and expansion of fat mass. Mechanical regulation of bone and marrow fat might be achieved by regulating functions of differentiated cells in the skeletal tissue while biasing lineage selection of their common progenitors - mesenchymal stem cells. An inverse relationship between adipocyte versus osteoblast fate selection from stem cells is implicated in clinical conditions such as childhood obesity and increased marrow adiposity in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as contributing to skeletal frailty. Understanding how exercise-induced mechanical signals can be used to improve bone quality while decreasing fat mass and metabolic dysfunction should lead to new strategies to treat chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and obesity.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Aging
Anabolism
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Osteoporosis
Population
030209 endocrinology & metabolism
Bioinformatics
Article
Childhood obesity
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Endocrinology
Adipocyte
Adipocytes
medicine
Animals
Humans
Obesity
Bone Resorption
Muscle, Skeletal
education
Exercise
education.field_of_study
Osteoblasts
business.industry
Stem Cells
Body Weight
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
medicine.disease
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Stem cell
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 17595037 and 17595029
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Nature Reviews Endocrinology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....091bc1346e6aa924ace3faec3d3f093b