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Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice
- Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Frontiers Media SA, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important pathogen causing mastitis, which causes continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands and leads to enormous economic losses. Most research on infection continues to be microbial metabolism-centric, and many overlook the fact that pathogens require energy from host. Mouse is a common animal model for studying bovine mastitis. In this perspective, we uncover metabolic reprogramming during host immune responses is associated with infection-driven inflammation, particularly when caused by intracellular bacteria. Taurine, a metabolic regulator, has been shown to effectively ameliorate metabolic diseases. We evaluated the role of taurine in the metabolic regulation of S. uberis-induced mastitis. Metabolic profiling indicates that S. uberis exposure triggers inflammation and metabolic dysfunction of mammary glands and mammary epithelial cells (the main functional cells in mammary glands). Challenge with S. uberis upregulates glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in MECs. Pretreatment with taurine restores metabolic homeostasis, reverses metabolic dysfunction by decrease of lipid, amino acid and especially energy disturbance in the infectious context, and alleviates excessive inflammatory responses. These outcomes depend on taurine-mediated activation of the AMPKāmTOR pathway, which inhibits the over activation of inflammatory responses and alleviates cellular damage. Thus, metabolic homeostasis is essential for reducing inflammation. Metabolic modulation can be used as a prophylactic strategy against mastitis.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
AMPK
Taurine
Immunology
Context (language use)
Inflammation
Oxidative phosphorylation
Mastitis
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
mastitis
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Mice
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Mammary Glands, Animal
Streptococcal Infections
medicine
Animals
Immunology and Allergy
Glycolysis
PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Original Research
Streptococcus uberis
biology
Macrophages
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
Streptococcus
Epithelial Cells
RC581-607
biology.organism_classification
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Disease Models, Animal
030104 developmental biology
RAW 264.7 Cells
chemistry
Host-Pathogen Interactions
mTOR
Female
metabolic regulation
Immunologic diseases. Allergy
medicine.symptom
taurine
Energy Metabolism
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16643224
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....088db6a2ce32d97cfe6034d78fc04c96
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.696101