Saissetia oleae

Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791) (Figs 51, 52) Coccus oleae Olivier 1791: 95. Diagnosis. Marginal setae tending towards 2 sizes present, mostly with pointed or slightly fimbriate apices (Fig. 52L); with 5–13 present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side (Fig. 51E). Venter with multilocular disc-pores abundant around vulvar area, plus a few pores present laterad of metacoxa (Fig. 52G); tubular ducts each with a narrow inner ductule, present in submarginal areas (Figs 51C, 52H) (partially adopted from Hodgson 2000). Material examined. 10 ♀♀, LAOS, Phou Khao Khuay National Bio-Diversity Conservation Area, Thaphabath Dist., Bolikhamsai Prov., 1.v.2015, coll. J.Y. Choi, on Alstonia sp. (Apocynaceae). Hosts. Polyphagous. According to García Morales et al. (2016), S. oleae has been recorded from plants belonging to 212 genera in 75 families. Distribution. All zoogeographical regions; Oriental Region (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam) (García Morales et al. 2016); Laos (new country record). Economic importance. Saissetia oleae has been described as an important pest of olive (Olea europaea) in California (Smith 1921), Brazil (Prado et al. 2015), Greece (Paraskakis et al. 1980), Italy (Cozzi et al. 2000), Israel (Argov & Rössler 1993) and Morocco (Ouguas & Chemseddine 2011); it was also considered as a pest of citrus in California (Lampson & Morse 1992) and Israel (Blumberg & Swirski 1997). Remarks. Saissetia oleae appears closely related to S. miranda (Cockerell & Parrott). For a comparison, see the remarks section for S. miranda above. Saissetia oleae also resembles S. neglecta (De Lotto), but differs by having marginal setae with pointed or slightly fimbriate apices and legs with tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses, whereas S. neglecta has expanded and strongly fimbirate marginal setae, and legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses (Hamon & Williams 1984; Hodgson 2000).
Published as part of Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, pp. 1-62 in Zootaxa 4460 (1) on pages 54-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaXa.4460.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1459506
{"references":["Olivier, G. A. (1791) Cochenille. Coccus. Genre d'insectes de la premiere section de l'ordre des Hemipteres. Encyclopedie methodique, 1791, 85 - 100.","Hodgson, C. J. & Henderson, R. C. (2000) Coccidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Fauna of New Zealand, 41, 1 - 259.","Garcia Morales, M., Denno, B. D., Miller, D. R., Miller, G. L., Ben-Dov, Y. & Hardy, N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 3 July 2018) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118","Smith, H. S. (1921) Biological control of the black scale (Saissetia oleae) Bern. in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 14 (4), 348 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 14.4.348","Prado, E., Alvarenga, T. M. & Santa-Cecilia, L. V. C. (2015) Parasitoids associated with the black scale Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in olive trees in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Acta Scientiarum, Agronomy, 37 (4), 411 - 416. https: // doi. org / 10.4025 / actasciagron. v 37 i 4.19743","Paraskakis, M., Neuenschwander, P. & Michelakis, S. (1980) Saissetia oleae (Oliv.) (Hom., Coccidae) and its parasites on olive trees in Crete, Greece. Journal of Applied Entomology, 90 (1 - 5), 450 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1980. tb 03553. x","Cozzi, G., Stornelli, C., Moretti, A., Logrieco, A. & Porcelli, F. (2000) Field evaluation of Fusarium larvarum formulations in the biocontrol of Saissetia oleae on olive in Apulia. In IF International Symposium on Olive Growing, 586, 811 - 814.","Argov, Y. & Rossler, Y. (1993) Biological control of the Mediterranean black scale, Saissetia oleae (Hom.: Coccidae) in Israel. BioControl, 38 (1), 89 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373143","Ouguas, Y. & Chemseddine, M. (2011) Effect of pruning and chemical control on Saissetia oleae (Olivier) (Hemiptera, Coccidae) in olives. Fruits, 66 (3), 225 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / fruits / 2011029","Lampson, L. J. & Morse, J. G. (1992) A survey of black scale, Saissetia oleae [Hom.: Coccidae] parasitoids [Hym.: Chalcidoidea] in southern California. BioControl, 37 (3), 373 - 390. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02373111","Hamon, A. B. & Williams, M. L. (1984) The soft scale insects of Florida (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas. Florida Department of Agricultural & Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida, 194 pp."]}