Analysis of Asbestos Fiber Burden in Lung Tissue from Mesothelioma Patients

Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm that occurs most frequently in individuals with previous asbestos exposure. Differences for risk of development of asbestos-related mesothelioma and lung cancer have been attributed to the various types of asbestos, as well as to the dimension of the inhaled fibers. In the present study, 55 individuals with the pathological diagnosis of mesothelioma were evaluated as to ferruginous body and fiber content in lung tissue. The procedures used in the analysis included tissue digestion and analysis of the collected material for ferruginous bodies by light microscopy and for uncoated fibers by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Forty-six of the samples had ferruginous body concentrations of over 1000/per gram dry weight of lung tissue. The majority of the cores of these ferruginous bodies were amosite. Likewise, the most common uncoated asbestos fiber in the tissue was amosite. Only a small percentage of each type of asbestos would have been visible by light microscopy or even potentially by electron microscopy if the magnification was not sufficient to detect those with thin (< 0.2 micron) diameters. The consistent finding in most of the cases was a considerable presence of asbestos, often of mixed types.