Prevalence of Complications in Patients with Newly Detected Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital

Background: In 2019, diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths. DM (DM), long considered a disease of minor significance to world health, is taking its place as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century [1]. It is the most common non-communicable disease worldwide and the fifth leading cause of death in developed countries. It has been estimated that by the year 2025, India will have the largest number of diabetic subjects in the world. Objectives: To study the prevalence of macrovascular and microvascular complications in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Methods: The study is a clinical, cross-sectional study of 180 newly detected type 2 diabetics attending medicine department outpatient/ inpatient, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College, Kadugondanahalli, and Bangalore from November 2020 to May 2022(18 months) who matched the inclusion criteria. Results: In this, 84 were males and 66 were females. The prevalence of macrovascular complications CAD, and PVD was 17.0% and 8.0% respectively and microvascular complications of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy were 21.0%, 17.0%, and 22.0% respectively. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of neuropathy and retinopathy at the time of diagnosis. HbA1c levels predict the prevalence of complications. Screening for neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy at diagnosis is statistically significant. Screening with simple tests at diagnosis for all cases of diabetes is essential to identify the complications at an early reversible stage.