Information on How to Interact and Love Dogs for Children Through Illustration Books

Rapid scientific and technological advances in the field of ubiquitous computing have stimulated the gradual popularization of handheld devices. Mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs) and smartphones, are being used increasingly to accomplish tasks originally performed by desktop computers (e.g., viewing emails, writing documents, watching movies and television programs, and following stock markets). Although mobile devices offer the convenience of portability, their displays are very different from those of desktop computers. Due to the size limitations of handheld devices, only a limited amount of information can be displayed at one time. Users are challenged by the need to efficiently read large blocks of text or handle multiple tasks simultaneously on the screens of small devices as opposed to the larger screens on desktop computers. Numerous studies have identified one possible means of overcoming the limitations of small screen size; namely, by using dynamic displays in which the material on-screen moves (Kolers, Duchnicky, & Ferguson, 1981; Sekey & Tietz, 1982; Juola, Tiritoglu, & Pleunis, 1995; Rahman & Muter, 1999; Bernard, Chaparro, & Russell, 2001; Wang & Kan, 2004; Chen & Chien, 2005a, 2005b; Shieh & Hsu, 2005). The difference between static and dynamic displays is that the display space can be traded for time to present temporal information dynamically (de Bruijn, Spence, & Chong, 2002). In contrast, text materials are presented spatially on static displays. Dynamic displays are frequently used to present notifications to users while they are reading static information. For example, in one leading display currently used on websites, a string of text moves from right to left along a single line within a small screen, which is a format