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Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Nutraceutical Profile of Carissa Species: An Updated Review
- Source :
- Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 7010, p 7010 (2021), Molecules
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Carissa, a genus of the Apocynaceae family, consists of evergreen species, such as shrubs as well as small trees that are native to Asia, Africa, and Oceania’s subtropical and tropical regions. Most of the Carissa species are traditionally used to treat various diseases, such as chest pain, headaches, gonorrhoea, rheumatism, syphilis, oedema, rabies, stomach pain, hepatitis, cardiac diseases, and asthma. The pharmacological studies on Carissa species revealed its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, antipyretic, analgesic, wound healing, anticonvulsant, antiarthritic, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, thus validating its use in indigenous medicine systems. The review article summarised the comprehensive literature available, including morphology, indigenous uses, bioactive composition, nutraceutical, and pharmacological activities of Carissa species. A total of 155 research papers were cited in this review article. The Carissa fruits are rich in dietary fibre, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin C, and macro- and micro-elements. A total of 121 compounds (35 polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids), 30 lignans, 41 terpenoids, 7 steroids, 2 coumarins, and 6 cardiac glycosides) have been extracted from C. spinarum, C. carandas, and C. macrocarpa. Among all chemical constituents, lupeol, carissol, naringin, carisssone, scopoletin, carissaeduloside A, D, J, carandinol, sarhamnoloside, carissanol, olivil, carinol, 3β-hydroxyolean-11-en-28,13β-oilde, ursolic acid, and carissone are the key bioactive constituents responsible for pharmacological activities of genus Carissa. The gathered ethnopharmacological information in the review will help to understand the therapeutic relevance of Carissa as well as paving a way for further exploration in the discovery of novel plant-based drugs.
- Subjects :
- Asia
Phytochemicals
Pharmaceutical Science
Organic chemistry
Review
Pharmacology
Analytical Chemistry
chemistry.chemical_compound
Carissa
Nutraceutical
QD241-441
Ursolic acid
Scopoletin
Drug Discovery
Animals
Humans
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Lupeol
Plants, Medicinal
bioactive compounds
Apocynaceae
biology
nutraceutical profile
biology.organism_classification
Antimicrobial
Terpenoid
chemistry
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Polyphenol
Africa
Dietary Supplements
Ethnopharmacology
Molecular Medicine
phytochemistry
pharmacological activity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14203049
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 7010
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Molecules
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....076ae1d270459dd29d7451758e052673