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Mosquito arbovirus survey in selected areas of Kenya: detection of insect-specific virus
- Source :
- Tropical Medicine and Health, Vol 46, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2018), Tropical Medicine and Health
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- BioMed Central Ltd., 2018.
-
Abstract
- Background: Many arboviral outbreaks have occurred in various locations in Kenya. Entomological surveys are suitable methods for revealing information about circulating arboviruses before human outbreaks are recognized. Therefore, mosquitoes were collected in Kenya to determine the distribution of arboviruses. Methods: Various species of mosquitoes were sampled from January to July 2012 using several collection methods. Mosquito homogenates were directly tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using various arbovirus-targeted primer pairs. Results: We collected 12,569 mosquitoes. Although no human-related arboviruses were detected, Culex flavivirus (CxFV), an insect-specific arbovirus, was detected in 54 pools of 324 Culex quinquefasciatus individuals collected during the rainy season. Of these 54 positive pools, 96.3% (52/54) of the mosquitoes were collected in Busia, on the border of western Kenya and Uganda. The remaining two CxFV-positive pools were collected in Mombasa and Kakamega, far from Busia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed minimal genetic diversity among the CxFVs collected in Mombasa, Kakamega, and Busia, even though these cities are in geographically different regions. Additionally, CxFV was detected in one mosquito pool collected in Mombasa during the dry season. In addition to Culex mosquitoes, Aedes (Stegomyia) and Anopheles mosquitoes were also positive for the Flavivirus genus. Cell fusing agent virus was detected in one pool of Aedes aegypti. Mosquito flavivirus was detected in three pools of Anopheles gambiae s.l. collected in the dry and rainy seasons. Conclusions: Although no mosquitoes were positive for human-related arbovirus, insect-specific viruses were detected in various species of mosquitoes. The heterogeneity observed in the number of CxFVs in Culex mosquitoes in different locations in Kenya suggests that the abundance of human-related viruses might differ depending on the abundance of insect-specific viruses. We may have underestimated the circulation of any human-related arbovirus in Kenya, and the collection of larger samples may allow for determination of the presence of human-related arboviruses.<br />Tropical Medicine and Health, 46(1), 19; 2018
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Veterinary medicine
Kakamega
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Culex
lcsh:RC955-962
Anopheles gambiae
viruses
Busia
Aedes aegypti
Culex mosquito
Arbovirus
03 medical and health sciences
parasitic diseases
medicine
Insect-specific virus
Aedes
biology
Research
Mombasa
fungi
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Anopheles
virus diseases
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Kenya
Anopheles mosquito
Arbovirus, Busia
Culex quinquefasciatus
Flavivirus
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
Culex flavivirus
Kakamega, Mombasa
Aedes mosquito
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 13488945
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Tropical Medicine and Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0759de41a71a880f9e1669b908b52c0b