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The Ankle Brachial Index Exhibits Better Association of Cardiovascular Prognosis Than Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetes
- Source :
- The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 351:492-498
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2016.
-
Abstract
- The association between ankle brachial index (ABI) and outcomes in diabetic subjects is controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the ABI is more strongly associated with cardiovascular outcomes comparing with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c).A total of 452 type 2 diabetic subjects followed up for a mean of 5.8 years were grouped by ABI (0.9 versus ≥0.9) and non-HDL-c (100mg/dL versus ≥100mg/dL). Primary outcomes were composite events including all-cause mortality, hospitalization for coronary artery disease, stroke, revascularization, amputation and diabetic foot, and the secondary end point was all-cause mortality.Intergroup differences in percentage of men, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant. A total of 64 composite events and 17 deaths were recorded. A higher number of composite events occurred in the group with abnormal ABI but optimal non-HDL-c than in those with suboptimal non-HDL-c but normal ABI (29% versus 11%, P0.05). A similar trend was observed in all-cause mortality (11% versus 1%, P0.05). The ABI was the dominant risk factor for both end points after adjusting other factors (for composite events, hazard ratio = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00-0.10, P0.001 and for all-cause mortality, hazard ratio = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.28, P = 0.006).The ABI was more strongly associated with outcomes in diabetes than non-HDL-c. The ABI should be routinely screened in diabetes even without symptom.
- Subjects :
- Male
Research design
medicine.medical_specialty
Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular
Taiwan
Renal function
Type 2 diabetes
030204 cardiovascular system & hematology
urologic and male genital diseases
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Risk Factors
Internal medicine
Diabetes mellitus
medicine
Humans
Ankle Brachial Index
cardiovascular diseases
030212 general & internal medicine
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged, 80 and over
business.industry
Non high density lipoprotein cholesterol
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
General Medicine
Middle Aged
Prognosis
medicine.disease
Surgery
body regions
Cholesterol
medicine.anatomical_structure
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiology
Female
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Ankle
business
human activities
Cardiovascular outcomes
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00029629
- Volume :
- 351
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....05a6318990fe459cf8cd84e052427ef9