Acute Annular Outer Retinopathy as a Variant of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy

Purpose A 23-year-old man developed a rapid-onset, large, dense scotoma that was associated with a peculiar gray intraretinal ring corresponding to the edge of the scotoma and normal fluorescein angiographic findings. This disorder may represent a variant of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy. Methods We studied one patient by ophthalmoscopic examination and fluorescein angiography. Results The patient experienced a short period of concentric enlargement of the scotoma and narrowing of the retinal vessels within the ring, followed by stabilization of the scotoma and slow progressive depigmentation and intraretinal migration of the retinal pigment epithelium within the zone of visual loss. The cause of this disorder, which affects primarily the outer retina, was not determined. Conclusions We speculate that this disorder is part of the spectrum of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy and that the gray border, which separates the normal from the abnormal retina, represents an immune ring phenomenon.