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The Role of Stress in Breast Cancer Incidence: Risk Factors, Interventions, and Directions for the Future
- Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 1871, p 1871 (2021)
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Stress is a common belief among breast cancer patients and the public to explain variation in breast cancer incidence. Epidemiological studies interrogating the relationship between stress and cancer have reported mixed results. The impact of the topic and the lack of consensus has sparked this review of the literature to investigate gaps in knowledge and identify areas of research. We first present a brief summary of the biopsychosocial model generally used to conduct research on stress. We then divide the overview of the literature into areas of research focus. These include the role of distressing life events in breast cancer incidence, the role of adverse childhood events in later breast cancer incidence, the importance of race and socioeconomic status (SES) as social determinants of breast cancer incidence, and the specific role of chronic stress in relation to breast cancer. For each topic, we discuss the potential of stress as a risk factor and possible intervention strategies that could reduce the effects of stress. We then identify further research questions to be probed to fill the gaps in knowledge. We conclude with a discussion of future research directions for stress research as it relates to breast cancer incidence.
- Subjects :
- Gerontology
Biopsychosocial model
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Psychological intervention
lcsh:Medicine
Breast Neoplasms
Review
stress
03 medical and health sciences
breast cancer
0302 clinical medicine
Breast cancer
Risk Factors
medicine
Humans
030212 general & internal medicine
Social determinants of health
Risk factor
Child
Socioeconomic status
business.industry
Incidence
Incidence (epidemiology)
lcsh:R
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Cancer
medicine.disease
review paper
Social Class
030220 oncology & carcinogenesis
psychological
business
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 16604601
- Volume :
- 18
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....050bcdc52401eb37b984d83404e1de48