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The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature
- Source :
- The American Journal of Human Genetics, American Journal of Human Genetics, medRxiv, article-version (status) pre, article-version (number) 1
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Summary The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises many scientific and clinical questions. These include how host genetic factors affect disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. New work is emerging related to SARS-CoV-2; previous work has been conducted on other coronaviruses that affect different species. We reviewed the literature on host genetic factors related to coronaviruses, systematically focusing on human studies. We identified 1,832 articles of potential relevance. Seventy-five involved human host genetic factors, 36 of which involved analysis of specific genes or loci; aside from one meta-analysis, all were candidate-driven studies, typically investigating small numbers of research subjects and loci. Three additional case reports were described. Multiple significant loci were identified, including 16 related to susceptibility (seven of which identified protective alleles) and 16 related to outcomes (three of which identified protective alleles). The types of cases and controls used varied considerably; four studies used traditional replication/validation cohorts. Among other studies, 30 involved both human and non-human host genetic factors related to coronavirus, 178 involved study of non-human (animal) host genetic factors related to coronavirus, and 984 involved study of non-genetic host factors related to coronavirus, including involving immunopathogenesis. Previous human studies have been limited by issues that may be less impactful now, including low numbers of eligible participants and limited availability of advanced genomic methods; however, these may raise additional considerations. We outline key genes and loci from animal and human host genetic studies that may bear investigation in the study of COVID-19. We also discuss how previous studies may direct current lines of inquiry.<br />The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises many scientific and clinical questions. These include how host genetic factors affect disease susceptibility and pathogenesis. New work is emerging related to SARS-CoV-2; previous work has been conducted on other coronaviruses that affect different species. We reviewed the literature on host genetic factors related to coronaviruses, systematically focusing on human studies. We identified 1,832 articles of potential relevance. Seventy-five involved human host genetic factors, 36 of which involved analysis of specific genes or loci; aside from one meta-analysis, all were candidate-driven studies, typically investigating small numbers of research subjects and loci. Three additional case reports were described. Multiple significant loci were identified, including 16 related to susceptibility (seven of which identified protective alleles) and 16 related to outcomes (three of which identified protective alleles). The types of cases and controls used varied considerably; four studies used traditional replication/validation cohorts. Among other studies, 30 involved both human and non-human host genetic factors related to coronavirus, 178 involved study of non-human (animal) host genetic factors related to coronavirus, and 984 involved study of non-genetic host factors related to coronavirus, including involving immunopathogenesis. Previous human studies have been limited by issues that may be less impactful now, including low numbers of eligible participants and limited availability of advanced genomic methods; however, these may raise additional considerations. We outline key genes and loci from animal and human host genetic studies that may bear investigation in the study of COVID-19. We also discuss how previous studies may direct current lines of inquiry.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Key genes
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Pneumonia, Viral
030106 microbiology
coronavirus
Biology
medicine.disease_cause
Article
Betacoronavirus
03 medical and health sciences
Species Specificity
Pandemic
medicine
Genetics
Animals
Humans
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics(clinical)
Allele
Pandemics
Gene
Genetics (clinical)
Disease Reservoirs
Coronavirus
Human studies
SARS-CoV-2
Host (biology)
host genetic factors
COVID-19
030104 developmental biology
Receptors, Virus
Animal studies
Coronavirus Infections
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The American Journal of Human Genetics, American Journal of Human Genetics, medRxiv, article-version (status) pre, article-version (number) 1
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....043056b4e1691b01a05dda60e16a7c8e
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.20117788