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Enteric Glial Cells: A New Frontier in Neurogastroenterology and Clinical Target for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Source :
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Publication Year :
- 2015
- Publisher :
- Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015.
-
Abstract
- Article first Published online 18 December 2015<br />The word “glia” is derived from the Greek word “γλοια,” glue of the enteric nervous system, and for many years, enteric glial cells (EGCs) were believed to provide mainly structural support. However, EGCs as astrocytes in the central nervous system may serve a much more vital and active role in the enteric nervous system, and in homeostatic regulation of gastrointestinal functions. The emphasis of this review will be on emerging concepts supported by basic, translational, and/or clinical studies, implicating EGCs in neuron-to-glial (neuroglial) communication, motility, interactions with other cells in the gut microenvironment, infection, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The concept of the “reactive glial phenotype” is explored as it relates to inflammatory bowel diseases, bacterial and viral infections, postoperative ileus, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and motility disorders. The main theme of this review is that EGCs are emerging as a new frontier in neurogastroenterology and a potential therapeutic target. New technological innovations in neuroimaging techniques are facilitating progress in the field, and an update is provided on exciting new translational studies. Gaps in our knowledge are discussed for further research. Restoring normal EGC function may prove to be an efficient strategy to dampen inflammation. Probiotics, palmitoylethanolamide (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–α), interleukin-1 antagonists (anakinra), and interventions acting on nitric oxide, receptor for advanced glycation end products, S100B, or purinergic signaling pathways are relevant clinical targets on EGCs with therapeutic potential.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Cell signaling
Central nervous system
reactive hEGC phenotype
Inflammation
tipartite synapse
Cell Communication
Biology
calcium signaling
Enteric Nervous System
postoperative ileus
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
human enteric glial cell
GI infection
neuroglial communication
medicine
Immunology and Allergy
Humans
Future Directions and Methods for IBD Research
Palmitoylethanolamide
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Gastroenterology
Purinergic signalling
Neurogastroenterology
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Prognosis
gliotransmission
3. Good health
030104 developmental biology
medicine.anatomical_structure
enteric glial cells
chemistry
motility
Cytoprotection
Immunology
Neuroglia
Enteric nervous system
medicine.symptom
Enteric Glia
Neuroscience
purinergic signaling
Signal Transduction
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 15364844 and 10780998
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....04208fff468ecc3172fcc722ba7fcd02