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The Application of Catalytic Processes on the Production of Algae-Based Biofuels: A Review
- Source :
- Catalysts, Vol 11, Iss 22, p 22 (2021), Repositorio Digital UFPS, UNIVERSIDAD FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANTANDER, instacron:Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Over the last decades, microalgal biomass has gained a significant role in the development of different high-end (nutraceuticals, colorants, food supplements, and pharmaceuticals) and low-end products (biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas) due to its rapid growth and high carbon-fixing efficiency. Therefore, microalgae are considered a useful and sustainable resource to attain energy security while reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. From the technologies available for obtaining biofuels using microalgae biomass, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL), gasification) have proven to be processed with higher viability, because they use all biomass. However, due to the complex structure of the biomass (lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins), the obtained biofuels from direct thermochemical conversion have large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur). As a solution, catalyst-based processes have emerged as a sustainable solution for the increase in biocrude production. This paper’s objective is to present a comprehensive review of recent developments on the catalyst-mediated conversion of algal biomass. Special attention will be given to operating conditions, strains evaluated, and challenges for the optimal yield of algal-based biofuels through pyrolysis and HTL.
- Subjects :
- catalytic upgrading
020209 energy
Biomass
Liquid fuels
02 engineering and technology
010501 environmental sciences
lcsh:Chemical technology
01 natural sciences
Catalysis
Catalytic upgrading
lcsh:Chemistry
gasification
hydrothermal liquefaction
liquid fuels
microalgal biomass
pyrolysis
thermochemical conversion
Biogas
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
lcsh:TP1-1185
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
automotive_engineering
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
General Environmental Science
Biodiesel
business.industry
Fossil fuel
biomedical_chemical_engineering
Energy security
Torrefaction
Pulp and paper industry
Hydrothermal liquefaction
lcsh:QD1-999
Biofuel
Environmental science
business
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20734344
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 22
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Catalysts
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....03b5e216090b3fc2856cf2de004e768e