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Genetic and functional diversity of Bacillus strains in the soils long-term irrigated with paper and pulp mill effluent
- Source :
- The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 57:183-195
- Publication Year :
- 2011
- Publisher :
- Microbiology Research Foundation, 2011.
-
Abstract
- The genetic and functional diversity of Bacillus and Bacillus-derived genera was analyzed in soil samples collected from three different fields near Century Paper Mill, Lal Kuan, Uttarakhand, India. Two had been subjected to concentrated and diluted effluent irrigation for the past 25 years and were designated as a concentrated effluent irrigated field (CEIF) and a dilute effluent irrigated field (DEIF), respectively. The field irrigated with fresh water was designated as a water irrigated field (WIF). Increase in pH, Na and Zn content and decrease in Fe content was observed due to effluent irrigation. The population count of Bacillus and Bacillus-derived was maximum in DEIF followed by WIF and CEIF. Variations in plant growth-promoting traits and extracellular enzymes were observed among the isolates from the three different field soils. Based on the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) with three restriction enzymes, all the selected 104 isolates were clustered into 14 groups. The sequencing of the representative isolates revealed that the majority belonged to the genus Bacillus, while three isolates belonged to Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus and Orthinibacillus. There were a few species like Orthinibacillus contaminans, B. oleronius, B. safensis, B. methylotrophicus, B. stratosphericus, B. aryabhattai, B. asahii and B. bataviensis that were prevalent only in DEIF and CEIF but not in WIF field soil. The diversity index parameters like the Shannon Index, indices of species richness and species evenness based on biochemical profiling and ARDRA profiling revealed that Bacillaceae members in the fresh water irrigated field were diverse.
- Subjects :
- Paper
Irrigation
Veterinary medicine
Agricultural Irrigation
Molecular Sequence Data
India
Industrial Waste
Bacillus
Fresh Water
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Microbiology
Soil
Paenibacillus
Diversity index
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Botany
Cluster Analysis
Soil Pollutants
Bacillaceae
Effluent
Phylogeny
Soil Microbiology
Base Sequence
biology
business.industry
Genetic Variation
Paper mill
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
biology.organism_classification
Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis
Phenotype
Soil water
Species richness
business
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 13498037 and 00221260
- Volume :
- 57
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....035ffcec99db20ada8a465f4dc789362