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Neotropical Rattlesnake (Crotalus simus) Venom Pharmacokinetics in Lymph and Blood Using an Ovine Model
- Source :
- Toxins, Vol 12, Iss 455, p 455 (2020), Toxins, Volume 12, Issue 7
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2020.
-
Abstract
- The most abundant protein families in viper venoms are Snake Venom Metalloproteases (SVMPs), Snake Venom Serine Proteases (SVSPs) and Phospholipases (PLA2s). These are primarily responsible for the pathophysiology caused by the bite of pit-vipers<br />however, there are few studies that analyze the pharmacokinetics (PK) of whole venom (WV) and its protein families. We studied the pathophysiology, PK profile and differential absorption of representative toxins from venom of Neotropical Rattlesnake (Crotalus simus) in a large animal model (ovine). Toxins studied included crotoxin (the main lethal component), which causes moderate to severe neurotoxicity<br />SVSPs, which deplete fibrinogen<br />and SVMPs, which cause local tissue damage and local and systemic hemorrhage. We found that Whole Venom (WV) was highly bioavailable (86%) 60 h following intramuscular (IM) injection, and extrapolation suggests that bioavailability may be as high as 92%. PK profiles of individual toxins were consistent with their physicochemical properties and expected clinical effects. Lymph cannulated animals absorbed 1.9% of WV through lymph during the first 12 h. Crotoxin was minimally detectable in serum after intravenous (IV) injection<br />however, following IM injection it was detected in lymph but not in blood. This suggests that crotoxin is quickly released from the blood toward its tissue targets.
- Subjects :
- Proteases
differential absorption of venom protein families
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Crotalus simus venom
lcsh:Medicine
Venom
lymphatic system
Pharmacology
Toxicology
Viper Venoms
complex mixtures
03 medical and health sciences
Pharmacokinetics
pharmacokinetics of venom
030304 developmental biology
0303 health sciences
integumentary system
biology
digestive, oral, and skin physiology
030302 biochemistry & molecular biology
lcsh:R
crotoxin
biology.organism_classification
Lymphatic system
Crotalus simus
Snake venom
Lymph
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 20726651
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 455
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....033ca80917b918bc027ab2e2f7a8dcf6