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Association between neighbourhood air pollution concentrations and dispensed medication for psychiatric disorders in a large longitudinal cohort of Swedish children and adolescents
- Source :
- BMJ Open
- Publication Year :
- 2016
- Publisher :
- BMJ, 2016.
-
Abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between exposure to air pollution and child and adolescent mental health. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Swedish National Register data on dispensed medications for a broad range of psychiatric disorders, including sedative medications, sleeping pills and antipsychotic medications, together with socioeconomic and demographic data and a national land use regression model for air pollution concentrations for NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. PARTICIPANTS: The entire population under 18 years of age in 4 major counties. We excluded cohort members whose parents had dispensed a medication in the same medication group since the start date of the register. The cohort size was 552 221. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cox proportional hazards models to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs for the outcomes, adjusted for individual-level and group-level characteristics. RESULTS: The average length of follow-up was 3.5 years, with an average number of events per 1000 cohort members of ∼21. The mean annual level of NO2 was 9.8 µg/m(3). Children and adolescents living in areas with higher air pollution concentrations were more likely to have a dispensed medication for a psychiatric disorder during follow-up (HR=1.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.12, associated with a 10 µg/m(3) increase in NO2). The association with NO2 was clearly present in 3 out of 4 counties in the study area; however, no statistically significant heterogeneity was detected. CONCLUSION: There may be a link between exposure to air pollution and dispensed medications for certain psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents even at the relatively low levels of air pollution in the study regions. The findings should be corroborated by others.
- Subjects :
- Male
medicine.medical_specialty
Time Factors
Adolescent
Epidemiology
010501 environmental sciences
Drug Prescriptions
01 natural sciences
Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Air Pollution
Environmental health
medicine
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
030212 general & internal medicine
Child
Psychiatry
Proportional Hazards Models
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Sweden
Public health
Proportional hazards model
business.industry
Incidence
Mental Disorders
Research
Incidence (epidemiology)
Environmental Exposure
Occupational Health and Environmental Health
General Medicine
Environmental exposure
Mental health
Social Class
Pill
Cohort
Female
Observational study
PUBLIC HEALTH
business
Antipsychotic Agents
Environmental Monitoring
Follow-Up Studies
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 20446055
- Volume :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BMJ Open
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....0338cc45288e169c8773305be687c01f