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Variable escape from X‐chromosome inactivation: Identifying factors that tip the scales towards expression
- Source :
- Bioessays
- Publication Year :
- 2014
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2014.
-
Abstract
- In humans over 15% of X-linked genes have been shown to 'escape' from X-chromosome inactivation (XCI): they continue to be expressed to some extent from the inactive X chromosome. Mono-allelic expression is anticipated within a cell for genes subject to XCI, but random XCI usually results in expression of both alleles in a cell population. Using a study of allelic expression from cultured lymphoblasts and fibroblasts, many of which showed substantial skewing of XCI, we recently reported that the expression of genes lies on a contiunuum between those that are subject to inactivation, and those that escape. We now review allelic expression studies from mouse, and discuss the variability in escape seen in both humans and mice in genic expression levels, between X chromosomes and between tissues. We also discuss current knowledge of the heterochromatic features, DNA elements and three-dimensional topology of the inactive X that contribute to the balance of expression from the otherwise inactive X chromosome.
- Subjects :
- waystations
Heterochromatin
Population
Gene Expression
Biology
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
X-inactivation
Evolution, Molecular
Genes, X-Linked
X Chromosome Inactivation
Animals
Humans
education
Skewed X-inactivation
X chromosome
boundary elements
XIST
Genetics
Chromosomes, Human, X
education.field_of_study
Dosage compensation
DNA Methylation
Prospects & Overviews
allelic imbalance
dosage compensation
Allelic Imbalance
RNA-seq
epigenetic marks
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15211878 and 02659247
- Volume :
- 36
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- BioEssays
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....02466aa7549d601c31429b2e36fcd2b4