APOE Gene Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Stenosis in Pakistani Population

Genetic variation in lipid regulatory genes, particularlyAPOE, significantly influences the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to assess the association betweenAPOEpolymorphism and angiographically assessed coronary stenosis in Pakistani population. A total of 695 subjects (22.3% female, mean age =54±11years) presenting with chest pain were enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. CAD stenosis/extent was assessed by angiography. Patients were classified as having severe stenosis (≥70%), moderate stenosis (30–69%), and mild stenosis (n=491) were further categorized based on possessing one, two, or three vessel diseases to assess the disease extent. Genomic DNA from leukocytes was isolated with DNA purification kit (Qiagen) andAPOEpolymorphisms (E2/E3/E4) were determined using TaqMan assays. Six hundred and seventy-two of 695 subjects were successfully genotyped. The frequency ofAPOE∗4carriers (3/4 and 4/4 genotypes) was significantly higher in severe stenosis group (≥70%) as compared to mild group (P=0.01). In multiple regression, the odds ratio forAPOE∗4carriers to develop ≥70% stenosis was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.29–3.79;P<0.005). In conclusion, the presence ofAPOE∗4allele is a significant risk factor to develop severe coronary stenosis (>70%) among Pakistanis.