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Current Understanding of Temperature Stress-Responsive Chloroplast FtsH Metalloproteases
- Source :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12106, p 12106 (2021), International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- MDPI AG, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Low and high temperatures are life-threatening stress factors, diminishing plant productivity. One of the earliest responses of plants to stress is a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts. Widespread efforts over the past decade shed new light on the chloroplast as an environmental sensor, translating the environmental fluctuation into varying physiological responses by utilizing distinct retrograde (chloroplast-to-nucleus) signals. Recent studies have unveiled that chloroplasts mediate a similar unfolded/misfolded/damaged protein response (cpUPR) as observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Although observing cpUPR is not surprising since the chloroplast is a prime organelle producing harmful ROS, the intertwined relationship among ROS, protein damage, and chloroplast protein quality controls (cpPQCs) with retrograde signaling has recently been reported. This finding also gives rise to critical attention on chloroplast proteins involved in cpPQCs, ROS detoxifiers, transcription/translation, import of precursor proteins, and assembly/maturation, the deficiency of which compromises chloroplast protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Any perturbation in the protein may require readjustment of proteostasis by transmitting retrograde signal(s) to the nucleus, whose genome encodes most of the chloroplast proteins involved in proteostasis. This review focuses on recent findings on cpUPR and chloroplast-targeted FILAMENTOUS TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE H proteases involved in cpPQC and retrograde signaling and their impacts on plant responses to temperature stress.
- Subjects :
- retrograde signaling
Chloroplasts
QH301-705.5
Review
Biology
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Genome
Catalysis
Inorganic Chemistry
Stress, Physiological
protein quality control
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Biology (General)
Molecular Biology
QD1-999
Spectroscopy
reactive oxygen species
proteostasis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Organic Chemistry
Temperature
food and beverages
Translation (biology)
General Medicine
Computer Science Applications
Cell biology
Chloroplast
Chemistry
Proteostasis
Retrograde signaling
Metalloproteases
Unfolded Protein Response
Chloroplast Proteins
FILAMENTOUS TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE H
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 16616596 and 14220067
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 12106
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....017ad32767ba11681520ba56a9056a90