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Simulation of the transfer and fate of HCHs since the 1950s in Lanzhou, China
Simulation of the transfer and fate of HCHs since the 1950s in Lanzhou, China
- Source :
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 72:1950-1956
- Publication Year :
- 2009
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2009.
-
Abstract
- A level IV fugacity model is described and illustrated by application to the fate of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in the Lanzhou area over a 60-year period from their introduction into the agricultural field until 2019. The established model is successfully applied to simulate the transfer processes and the concentration distribution of HCHs under non-steady-state assumptions in four environmental compartments in the Lanzhou area: soil, air, water, and sediment. Furthermore, the calculated results agree well with monitoring data from the literature in the same period of time. We assume that 40% of the total use of HCHs isomers enters into the air and 60% enters the soil. The results indicate that the main source of HCHs in the area is agricultural applications; the biggest bulk sink is soil (accounting for 99.6% of total amount in the environment). Among all the transfer processes, the deposition and the diffusion at the air-soil and air-water interfaces are the primary processes, and degradation in soil and air is the key process of HCH disappearance.
- Subjects :
- China
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Air pollution
Soil science
medicine.disease_cause
Sink (geography)
Isomerism
Agricultural land
medicine
Computer Simulation
Fugacity
Water pollution
geography
geography.geographical_feature_category
Simulation modeling
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Agriculture
General Medicine
Pollution
Soil contamination
Models, Chemical
Environmental chemistry
Environmental science
Environmental Pollutants
Water quality
Hexachlorocyclohexane
Environmental Monitoring
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 01476513
- Volume :
- 72
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....015906c2316cf6ef17502977b427d8e0
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.04.009