Bioactive α-Pyrone Derivatives from the Endolichenic Fungus Dothideomycetes sp. EL003334

Two new α-pyrones, dothideopyrones E (1) and F (2), were isolated from a culture of the endolichenic fungus Dothideomycetes sp. EL003334. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. Their absolute configurations were established by the modified Mosher’s method. Compound 2 inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values of 15.0 ± 2.8 μM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cells. Compound 2 diminished the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Additionally, 2 decreased the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6.