Laser design optimization route towards highly efficient modules: how to detect and minimize losses

Perovskite technologies has proven 25.5% efficiency in just 10 years of research, achieving similar performance ranges with different photovoltaic technology which include Si and GaAs, displaying doubtlessly low-price production and system versatility. However, those achievements had been done only on small area cells, with active area equal or lower to 0.1cm2. The upscaling improvement of perovskite solar era calls for using extra techniques as a way to lessen losses encountered for large areas; for this reason, laser processing turns into essential to design connected cells into modules. This work reduced cell-to-module losses in Perovskite Solar Modules through optimizing the laser layout, setting up a relationship among geometrical fill factor, cell area width, and P1-P2-P3 laser parameters. Upscaling the system from 2.5x2.5cm2 to 10x10cm2 we achieve an efficiency of 18.71% and 17.79% on active area of 2.25cm2 and 48cm2, respectively, with best 5% relative losses whilst scaling from to mini-module to module size. A mini panel has been fabricated on 20x20cm2, displaying 11.9% stabilized efficiency and 2.3W on 192cm2 active area, the best reported in the literature up to now at this size.