Electronically Tunable Realization of the Three-Element Arterial Windkessel Model

An electronically adjustable realization of the three-element Windkessel model, thanks to the employment of an Operational Transconductance Amplifier-based structure, is presented in this work. Instead of following the typical method where the fractional-order capacitor is substituted by its active emulator, in this case the whole impedance is considered for the implementation of the model. The approximation of the total impedance function is performed through the utilization of an appropriate curve-fitting-based technique, which, compared to the conventional method where the approximation of the Laplacian operator is performed, offers improved accuracy. The presented post-layout simulation results, obtained using the Cadence IC design suite and MOS transistors models provided by the Austria Mikro Systeme (AMS) CMOS process, confirm the correct operation of the developed topology.