The Making of a Dream: The Sino-American Expedition to Mount Amne Machin in 1948

For centuries, China has remained as a place in many Americans' shadowy dreams where fortunes and careers could be made through commerce, industry, religion, education, and adventure. American businessmen and their domestic backers appreciated China's richly endowed natural resources and its untapped market of 400 million customers, looking forward to making immense profits from business investment and commercial establishments. Since the arrival of the first American merchant ship, Empress of China, in Canton in 1784, generation after generation of American businessmen and adventurers landed in the Middle Kingdom to begin their enterprises by foreseeing a promising future for mercantile advantage. In this China drive, individual businessmen outside the U.S. government played a significant role in linking the two countries and peoples through a variety of activities. Some of them were particularly responsible for conveying their ideas, directly or indirectly, to government policy makers in Washington, exerting profound influence on the U.S. foreign policy toward East Asia. Some of them made great efforts to assist in the modernization of China by devoting their lives and resources, turning themselves into friends of China. Some of them, however, played games as adventurers seeking power and wealth in a fraudulent way and creating unexpected occasions for political confrontations and diplomatic conflicts in Sino-American relations. In all of these multi-dimensional interactions, China, a Acknowledgement: This essay is part of my Ph.D. dissertation, Government and Academy in Republican China: History of Academia Sinica, 1927-1949 (Harvard University, 1998). For the private documents and interview materials presented in this paper, I particularly thank Dr. Bradford Washburn, Honorary Director of Boston Museum of Science, who provided me with invaluable personal information on the research subject. I would also like to thank the Second National Historical Archives in Nanjing, P.R. China, for allowing me to use the Academia Sinica Archives.