An efficient 3D numerical beam model based on cross sectional analysis and Ritz approximations

A 3D beam model, i.e. a beam that may deform in space and experience longitudinal and torsional deformations, is developed considering Timoshenko's theory for bending and assuming that the cross section rotates as a rigid body but may deform in longitudinal direction due to warping. The cross sectional properties are firstly calculated and then inserted at the equation of motion. The beam is assumed to be with an arbitrary cross section, with linearly varying thickness and width, and with an initial twist. The model is appropriate for open and closed thin-walled cross sections, and also for solid cross sections. The objective of the current research is to demonstrate that complex beam structures can be modeled accurately with reduced number of degrees of freedom.