Analyzing the Impact of Long-Lasting Changes in Energy Homeostasis and Nutrient Sensing on Nutritional Programming of Hypothalamus in Rats

Background: The diseases due to nutritional deficiencies or imbalanced diet can be due to different factors. These factors can be biological or environmental. The study indicated that there will be increase risks of acquiring diseases as a result of irregular intake of diet. These risks include the increased risk of diseases such as liver abnormality, hypertension, lipids deposition, and other diseases. Methodology: The databases used for the collection of secondary information include Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Besides, the keywords used for the searching of relevant research articles include “experimental rats, nutritional deficiencies. Hypothalamus, mechanisms studies, gene ontology, metabolic syndromes”. There were the use of female rats (n=8) and the weight was ranged between 200 to 250 grams. The experimental rats were placed in a cycle of 12 h light/dark. An adequate amount of water and food was provided for about one week to the rats before starting the experiment. Enzymatic procedures were used for the analysis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. Glucose concentrations in the blood samples were also assessed using the glucose meter. The insulin levels were also measured by using the assay kits. The hybridisation, scanning, and normalization of the data were also done. The extracted RNA from the hypothalamus was transcribed by using the “Superscript II RNAseH- Reverse-Transcriptase”. The t-test was also performed using statistical software. The groups of genes and their altered expressions were studied after the malnutrition conditions. The results obtained through PCR were expressed in the form of average and standard deviation values [1]. The mRNA expression levels in the samples of the hypothalamus were also assessed. The data were compared using the student test. The significance levels were measured at p < 0.05. Findings: The findings of the study also indicated that the transcription of co-regulators is also link with the nutritional and temporal cues to the metabolism process by means of their association with circadian clock. The findings revealed that the hypothalamic circuits and its nutritional programming plays significant role in the regulation of energy homeostasis which is a major factor of obesity development in association with malnutrition in early life development. Conclusion: Conclusively, it has been identified that the deficiency of nutrients during developmental period such as prenatal and postnatal is linked with the enhanced risk of different types of diseases in childhood as well as in adulthood.