Trace Fossils Assemblages from the Cenozoic 'Flysch Units' of the Campo de Gibraltar Complex (Southern Spain)

Ichnological analysis of deep-sea trace fossil assemblages from the Cenozoic turbiditic succession of the Campo de Gibraltar Complex (Cadiz Province, southern Spain) is presented. A relatively diverse and abundant trace fossil assemblage is recognized, with 20 ichnogenera belonging to the nongraphoglyptid assemblage and 12 to the graphoglyptid assemblage. Nongraphoglyptid traces are dominated by Chondrites, Halopoa, Helminthopsis, Lophoctenium, Nereites, Ophiomorpha, Phycosiphon, Planolites, Scolicia, Thalassinoides and Zoophycos, while Gordia and Tubotomaculum are common, and Cladichnus, Gyrophyllites, Polykampton, Rotundusichnium, Rutichnus, Spirophycus and Stelloglyphus are scarce or rare. Except for Helminthopsis and Spirophycus, all ichnotaxa are post-depositional structures, with feeding forms (pacichnia and fodinichnia) dominant. The graphoglyptid assemblage consists of agrichnia, predepositional trace fossils, with abundant Desmograpton, and Paleodictyon; in turn, Helminthorhaphe, Megagrap...