Structural and optoelectronic properties of hybrid halide perovskites for solar cells

Trihalide perovskites are an emerging class of materials, which have shown excellent performance so far in solution-processed optoelectronic devices such as perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and light emitting diodes (LEDs). The energy band gap (Egap) of this class of materials is tunable and can be varied from 1.5 eV to 2.3 eV by changing its chemical composition, exhibiting a promising character to design versatile optoelectronic devices. It is thus, imperative to understand the relation between structural and optoelectronic properties of the perovskite-based materials offering intrinsic complexity. Hence, different interactions, defects as well as structural disorder have a defining role in the material properties. The intrinsic properties have been shown to have a significant impact on the performance of these perovskite materials. These properties include high dielectric constants, ambipolar transport features of long range, low exciton binding energies, and ferroelectric polarizations. In the current review, we briefly explore the crystal structure of the perovskite materials at atomistic-level and draw a comparison of the basic optical and electrical properties originating from particular atomic compositions together with their arrangements therein, and moreover, their applications in future optoelectronic devices are elaborated upon.