Design and Analysis of DC Solid-State Circuit Breakers Using SiC JFETs

Protection against short-circuit faults remains a major technical challenge in increasingly popular dc power networks. This paper describes a new concept of a self-powered dc solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) with one or more normally on SiC JFETs as the main static switch and a fast-starting isolated dc/dc converter as the protection driver. The new SSCB detects short-circuit faults by sensing its terminal voltage rise and draws power from the fault condition itself to turn and hold off the SiC switch. The new two-terminal SSCB can be directly placed in a circuit branch without requiring any external power supply or extra wiring. A low-power isolated dc/dc converter is designed and optimized to provide a fast reaction to a short-circuit fault. Unidirectional and bidirectional SSCB prototypes based on this design concept have been built. Repeated interruption of fault currents up to 180 A at a dc bus voltage of 400 V within 0.8 $\mu \text{s}$ was experimentally demonstrated. DC circuit protection applications provide a unique market opportunity for wide-bandgap semiconductors, which are outside the conventional focus on power electronic converters.