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Role of preparation parameters of Cu–Zn mixed oxide catalyst in solvent free glycerol carbonylation with urea
- Source :
- Journal of the Indian Chemical Society. 98:100090
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2021.
-
Abstract
- Solvent-free carbonylation of glycerol with urea to glycerol carbonate (GC) was achieved over heterogeneous Cu–Zn mixed oxide catalyst. Cu–Zn catalysts with different ratios of Cu:Zn were prepared using co-precipitation (CP) and oxalate gel (OG) methods. As compared to CuO–ZnO(2:1) catalyst prepared by oxalate gel (OG) method, much higher conversion of glycerol and highest selectivity towards glycerol carbonate (GC) was achieved with CuO–ZnO_CP(2:1) catalyst. Physicochemical properties of prepared catalysts were investigated by using XRD, FT-IR, BET, TPD of CO2 and NH3 and TEM techniques. The effect of stoichiometric ratio of Cu/Zn, calcination temperature of CuO–ZnO catalysts and effect of reaction parameters such as molar ratio of substrates, time and temperature on glycerol conversion to GC were critically studied. Cu/Zn of 2:1 ratio, glycerol–urea 1:1 molar ratio, 145 °C reaction temperatures were found to be optimized reaction conditions to achieve highest glycerol conversion of 86% and complete selectivity towards GC. The continuous expel of NH3 from reaction the mixture avoided formation of ammonia complex with CuO–ZnO catalyst. As a result of this, CuO–ZnO catalyst could be recycled up to three times without losing its initial activity.
Details
- ISSN :
- 00194522
- Volume :
- 98
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the Indian Chemical Society
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........f3723809078221e781f6f0b55b007348