Innovative Techniques of Ground Infiltration Characteristics Reduction with Chemical and Biotechnological Precipitation of Calcium Salts

Reduction of the infiltration characteristics of rocks and grounds is an important task in mining, constructing, and economic development of territories, as well as in ecological problems solving. Within the framework of the research, the possibility of reduction of the filtration characteristics of the ground by precipitation of calcium salts in ground pore space was studied. Two chemical and one biotechnological techniques were used. The field test of the techniques was conducted in experimental plots consisted of fine- and medium-grained sand. It was found that the maximum reduction of the filtration rate was recorded at the level of 79–81% compared to the initial characteristics, when these innovative techniques were implemented. Mineralogical studies, including SEM and XRD analyses, indicated the appearance of secondary mineral formation (CaSO4 and CaCO3) after ground treatment, which led to a reduction in its filtration characteristics. A potential application area of the proposed innovative techniques could be mining, constructing, and implementing of environmental protection measures.