Antibiotic Resistance Protocols

Part I: Epidemiology and Population Genetics 1. The RM Test for Determining Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Lineages Jodi A. Lindsay and Julia M.-L. Sung 2. Unravelling the Ecology of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in the Nasopharynx Bambos M. Charalambous and Ndeky M. Oriyo Part II: Genomics and Gene Expression 3. Methods to Determine Antibiotic Resistance Gene Silencing Virve I. Enne and Peter M. Bennett 4. Studying Gene Induction of Glycopeptide Resistance Using Gene Swapping Hee-Jeon Hong 5. Real Time PCR Methods to Study Expression of Genes Related to Hypermutability Denise O'Sullivan 6. Use of DNA Arrays to Study Transcriptional Responses to Antimycobacterial Compounds Simon. J. Waddell and Philip D. Butcher Part III: Fitness Mutation and Physiology 7. Assays of Sensitivity of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Hydrogen Peroxide and Measurement of Catalase Activity Mirjana Macvanin and Diarmaid Hughes 8. Measurements of Heme Levels and Respiration Rate in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Diarmaid Hughes and Mirjana Macvanin 9. Methods to Determine Fitness in Bacteria Cassie F. Pope, Timothy D. McHugh, and Stephen H. Gillespie 10. Application of Continuous Culture for Measuring the Effect of Environmental Stress on Mutation Frequency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Joanna Bacon, Kim A. Hatch, and Jon Allnutt Part IV: Detection of Resistance 11. Identification of Efflux-Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Bacterial Clinical Isolates by Two Simple Methods Marta Martins, Isabel Couto, Miguel Viveiros, and Leonard Amaral 12. Evaluation of Efflux Activity of Bacteria by a Semi-Automated Fluorometric System Miguel Viveiros, LilianaRodrigues, Marta Martins, Isabel Couto, Gabriella Spengler, Ana Martins, and Leonard Amaral 13. Measuring the Activity of Active Efflux in Gram-Negative Bacteria Mark A. Webber and Nick G. Coldham 14. Rapid Characterization of b -Lactamases by Multiplex PCR Neil Woodford 15. Rapid Methods for Testing Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Growth Dimitrios Evangelopoulos and Sanjib Bhakta 16. Use of Biofilm Model Systems to Study Antimicrobial Susceptibility Jonathan Pratten and Derren Ready 17. Rapid Analysis of Resistant Mutant Genotypes Using Pyrosequencing(R) Catherine Arnold