MPC-Based Frequency Control With Demand-Side Participation: A Case Study in an Isolated Wind-Aluminum Power System

Aluminum production relies on the smelting process which consumes huge amounts of electrical energy. One possible solution to reduce the fossil fuel consumption by aluminum production is the integration of wind power. Based on this background, this paper studies an isolated power system for aluminum smelting production with a high penetration of wind power. A dynamic model of the aluminum smelter load (ASL) is introduced in this paper using the field experiment data. Based on this model, the dynamic model of the isolated system considering demand side participation is proposed. The MPC-based frequency controller is proposed to keep the frequency deviation within a proper range ( $\pm$ 0.1 Hz) under wind power fluctuation as well as to recover the system frequency after a large disturbance (such as one generator trip). Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MPC based frequency controller.