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G protein Signaling, Journeys Beyond the Plasma Membrane
- Source :
- Journal of the Indian Institute of Science. 97:95-108
- Publication Year :
- 2017
- Publisher :
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2017.
-
Abstract
- G proteins classically associated with the 7TM or serpentine receptors generally exist as a heterotrimeric complex consisting of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. These proteins serve as transducers of extracellular signal from plasma membrane to cellular interior. Binding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a ligand leads to their activation, followed by that of G alpha, which then dissociates from G beta gamma subunits and initiate downstream effects through plasma membrane-localized effectors. This plasma membrane-restricted view of G proteins was challenged when they were found to be present in various intracellular locations such as endomembranes, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and nucleus thereby opening up newer spatial domains for the action of these signaling molecules. Many recent studies have addressed the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying this atypical distribution and the G proteins have been shown to undergo activation-dependent as well as activation-independent relocalization. This spatially `directed' targeting of G proteins provides them rapid access to intracellular communication network without relying on diffusible second messengers. Here, we present a consolidated review of the existing knowledge about the presence and physiological roles for G proteins in these atypical locations, along with the mechanistic knowhow presently known about underlying processes.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
G protein-coupled receptor kinase
Multidisciplinary
GTPase-activating protein
G protein
Biology
Cell biology
03 medical and health sciences
G beta-gamma complex
030104 developmental biology
0302 clinical medicine
Heterotrimeric G protein
Second messenger system
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
G alpha subunit
G protein-coupled receptor
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00194964 and 09704140
- Volume :
- 97
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of the Indian Institute of Science
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........f07e39db87be6d6d143108cefa6276ec